Economic and Social Justice: Colonias & Real Estate Law
  

The Colonias & Real Estate Practice Area addresses the needs of residents of "colonias," the unincorporated rural subdivisions along the Texas/Mexico border, in matters including obtaining access to public utilities, resolving title disputes with developers, and assisting non-profit self-help housing groups.

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Name Office
Ubaldo Rodriguez Edinburg

Outreach Coordinator

Name Office
Ildefonsa Sifuentes Edinburg

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Laws

    Colonia Legislation in Texas
    Since 1989, the Texas Legislature has enacted a series of bills and resolutions to address the issues associated with border colonias, designed to improve the quality of life for residents. These laws have focused on the delivery of water and wastewater services, improving health and safety infrastructure and halting colonia proliferation.

    Real estate transactions | LII / Legal Information Institute

    Real Estate Transactions: An Overview

    Real estate transactions are governed by a wide body of federal statutes and state statutory and common law. The requirements established by state law often differ significantly from one state to the next.

    Texas Constitution and Statutes - Property Codes
    Texas Property Codes courtesy of Texas Online

    Texas Attorney General: Colonias Prevention
    Colonias are substandard housing developments, often found along the Texas-Mexico border, where residents lack basic services such as drinking water, sewage treatment, and paved roads. The State of Texas has undertaken a number of programs to remedy the conditions in existing colonias and to prevent new colonias.

Federal Agencies

    Homes and Communities - U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
    Official site of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    EPA leads the nation's environmental science, research, education and assessment efforts. The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency is to protect human health and the environment. Since 1970, EPA has been working for a cleaner, healthier environment for the American people.

    USDA Rural Development Home Page
    USDA Rural Development Home Page

    Office of Community Development - Texas
    The Empowerment Zone/Enterprise Communities/Champion Community program is a presidential initiative designed to provide economically depressed rural areas and communities with real opportunities for growth and revitalization.

    Texas: USDA Rural Development
    We administer programs for community development and economic advancement of our state's small cities and rural areas. These programs include housing, infrastructure, and business development financing through grants, loans, and guaranteed loans.

    USDA: Rural Housing Programs in Texas
    USDA listing rural housing programs in Texas

    USDA: Rural Utilities Programs
    USDA Rural Utilities Service home page - deals with rural infrastructure assistance with electricity, water, solid waste, and telecommunications

    USDA Rural Development's Electric Programs
    Providing reliable, affordable electricity is essential to the economic well-being and quality of life for all of the nation's rural residents. The Electric Programs provide leadership and capital to upgrade, expand, maintain, and replace America's vast rural electric infrastructure.

    USDA Water and Environmental Programs
    Water and Environmental Programs (WEP) provides loans, grants and loan guarantees for drinking water, sanitary sewer, solid waste and storm drainage facilities in rural areas and cities and towns of 10,000 or less.

    Rural Information Center
    The Rural Information Center (RIC) provides services for rural communities, local officials, organizations, businesses and rural citizens working to maintain the vitality of America's rural areas.

    Office of Community Planning and Development - HUD
    The Office of Community Planning and Development (CPD) seeks to develop viable communities by promoting integrated approaches that provide decent housing, a suitable living environment, and expanded economic opportunities for low and moderate income persons.

    Colonias Quick Facts - Community Development - CPD - HUD
    We've created this special page for people living in colonias and those working to improve the conditions in the colonias.

    Farmworker and Colonia Communities - HUD
    US Department of Housing and Urban Development's web site. Farmworker and Colonia Communities.

    Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Programs - CPD - HUD
    The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program is a flexible program that provides communities with resources to address a wide range of unique community development needs.

    Office of Community Planning and Development - HUD
    The Office of Community Planning and Development (CPD) seeks to develop viable communities by promoting integrated approaches that provide decent housing, a suitable living environment, and expanded economic opportunities for low and moderate income persons.

    HUD in Texas
    HUD Texas State Office

    San Antonio HUD Office
    San Antonio HUD Office.

    El Paso County Rural Renewal Community
    Tour RC/EZ/ECs

    North American Development Bank
    The North American Development Bank (NADB) is a binational financial institution capitalized and governed equally by the United States and Mexico for the purpose of financing environmental projects certified by the Border Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC).

    Border Environment Cooperation Commission
    The Border Environment Cooperation Commission works to preserve, protect and enhance human health and the environment of the U.S. - Mexico border region, by strengthening cooperation among interested parties and supporting sustainable projects through a transparent binational process in close coordination with the North American Development Bank, federal, state and local agencies, the private sector, and civil society.

    US-Mexico Border 2012 Environmental Health Work Group (EHWG) | US EPA
    The Environmental Health Work Group (EHWG) serves as the main conduit for addressing bi-national environmental health concerns, such as increases in disease rates along the US-Mexico border.

    US-Mexico Border 2012 | US EPA
    U.S.-Mexico Environmental Program (Border 2012) is a collaboration between the United States and Mexico to improve the environment and protect the health of the nearly 12 million people living along the border. The bi-national program focuses on cleaning the air, providing safe drinking water, reducing the risk of exposure to hazardous waste, and ensuring emergency preparedness along the U.S.-Mexico border.

    Border Colonia Geography Online
    Interactive Map: Border Colonia Geography Online from the OAG Texas. (Requires Flash10)

State Agencies and Commissions

    Texas Attorney General
    Official site of the Attorney General for the state of Texas.

    Texas Secretary of State
    Official site of the Texas Secretary of State.

    Public Utility Commission of Texas
    At the Public Utility Commission, our mission is to protect utility customers, foster market competition, and promote high-quality telephone and electric utility infrastructure.

    Public Utility Commission of Texas Video Relay Service (VRS)
    Video Relay Service (VRS) is a feature of Telecommunications Relay Service (TRS) that enables A deaf or hard of hearing person who signs to communicate with voice telephone user (hearing persons) through video conference equipment (web cameras or video phone products), rather than through typed text that traditional TTY relay service uses.

    Public Utility Commission of Texas Relay Texas and STAP

    Relay Texas provides telephone interpreting service between people who can hear and those who are deaf, hard-of-hearing, deaf-blind or speech-disabled. Relay Texas agents have equipment that enables them to hear the voice user as well as read the signals from the text telephone (TTY) user.

    This service is available for Texans 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. There are no restrictions imposed on Relay Texas calls. Texas and United States laws assure confidentiality for relay users and operators.

    Texas Department of Housing & Community Affairs - TDHCA
    TDHCA Provides housing and community development opportunities for low income individuals, nonprofit organizations, private companies, contractors, banking institutions, rural communities, local governments and investors.

    Home Page - Texas Commission on Environmental Quality - www.tceq.state.tx.us
    The home page of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality links to information about the TCEQ and its rules, permits, compliance and enforcement information, calendar, publications, forms, hot topics, employment, news releases, and the Natural Outlook - the TCEQ's quarterly publication of environmental issues in Texas. Information is also provided in Spanish.

    Make an Environmental Complaint - Texas Commission on Environmental Quality - www.tceq.state.tx.us
    We are available 24 hours every day to receive environmental complaints under our jurisdiction.

    EPA: Protect the Environment; Learn about Your Right to Know
    Every American has the right to know the chemicals to which they may be exposed in their daily living. Right-to-know laws provide information about possible chemical exposures.

    Protect the Environment: Report Spills and Environmental Violations | US EPA

    Fll out the form at epa.gov/tips. If you don't have Internet access, call the EPA office in your area of the country (see the phone numbers on the right).

    Many issues are handled at the local level. You may first want to try contacting your local government office for concerns about trash, litter, strange odors, recycling pickup, and household chemical disposal, including paints, pesticides, oil, antifreeze, etc. You can find information about your local government in the blue pages of your telephone book or by contacting your public library.

    For concerns that may not be handled at the local level, the next step is to contact your state environmental agency. Information about state agencies can be found in the blue pages of your telephone book as well.

    Texas Department of Insurance (TDI)
    Agent, Consumer, Industry News and Assistance from the Texas Department of Insurance.

    Office of Border Health
    The home page for the Texas Department of State Health Services, Office of Border Health.

    Office of Rural Community Affairs (ORCA)
    As the state agency dedicated solely to rural Texas, ORCA makes the broad resources of state government more accessible to rural communities.

    TDHCA Housing Finance
    Housing Finance main page for the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs.

    TDHCA Texas First Time Homebuyer Program
    Texas Department Of Housing and Community Affairs: First Time Homebuyers’ Program

    TDHCA Programs Overview
    Overview of housing programs offered at the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs

    TDHCA HOME Division
    Main page of the TDHCA HOME Division. HOME Program provides grants to support affordable housing.

    TDHCA Manufactured Housing Division
    The Manufactured Housing Division (MHD) administers the Texas Manufactured Housing Standards Act.

    TDHCA OCI - Colonia Initiatives
    Office of Colonia Initiatives coordinates consumer education programs, housing and infrastructure assistance, contract for deed conversions, and Colonias Self-Help Centers

    TDHCA Contract for Deed Conversion HOME Forms Library
    Contract for Deed Conversion forms required by TDHCA.

    ORCA Texas Community Development Block Grant Program
    The CDBG program is governed by of Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (the Act) and Federal regulations at 24 CFR 570, Subpart I . The introduction of the CDBG program in 1974 signaled a move away from individual categorized federal development assistance programs towards the block grant model, which gives communities broad latitude in using funds for a variety of development activities. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 authorized states to administer the CDBG programs.

    Consumer Help from the Texas Department of Insurance - Texas Department of Insurance (TDI)
    Consumer Information includes company profiles, forms, and complaint and enforcement information

    Texas General Land Office (GLO)

    Welcome to the oldest state agency in Texas! Our web site tells the story of how the Texas General Land Office is balancing economic development with preservation of our state's natural resources.

    GLO | Energy Resources | Border Resources
    The Border Resources Division of the GLO tracks air and water quality, economic development, energy production and use, and land management throughout the region. The division also spreads information about several GLO environmental programs.

    Welcome |Texas NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service
    The owners and managers of lands in Texas, through their conservation efforts, provide a wealth of environmental and social benefits to all. These include clean water and air, healthy wildlife habitat, open space, food and fiber, and sustainable rural and urban communities.

    Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission: An Inventory of Records at the Texas State Archives, 1990-2001
    The records are marked agenda of the Texas Water Commission (TWC) and the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) meetings, minutes of working sessions of the commissioners, speeches and papers of the General Counsel, press releases, newsletters, and notices of conferences, seminars, and workshops conducted by the TNRCC. Dates covered are 1990-2001. Topics in these records cover a wide range of the TNRCC programs, including pollution prevention, air quality control, hazardous waste, recycling, floodplain management, petroleum storage, ground water protection, water quality, water rights, and administrative law as it relates to TNRCC programs.

    Colonias: Serving the Unserved
    Colonias: Serving the Unserved - Issue of Natural Outlook Magazine from Winter 1999

    TREC - Texas Real Estate Commission

    TREC exists to protect and serve the citizens of Texas. The Commission's programs of education, licensing and industry regulation ensure that real estate service providers are honest, trustworthy and competent.

    TREC requires that all real estate brokers and salespersons meet and maintain specified levels of education to hold a license to act as a real estate agent. Agents are required to follow the provisions of The Real Estate License Act and the Rules of the Texas Real Estate Commission in all transactions and to deal with the public in a competent and honest manner. The Commission also licenses real estate inspectors, residential service companies, real estate schools and registers timeshare properties.

    Texas Border and Mexican Affairs Section

    One of the functions of the Secretary of State is to serve as the Governor's liaison for Texas Border and Mexican Affairs. In this capacity, the Secretary assists the Governor in addressing issues which involve our Texas-Mexico border and cross border affairs with Mexico.

    Texas Secretary Of State: Colonias Program

    "One of government’s chief responsibilities is to help Texans with the greatest needs. The Secretary of State’s Ombudsman Program is a central part of our initiatives to assist needy Texans living in colonias. The program is helping to provide better roads, bring water and wastewater infrastructure to areas that lack these basic services, and improve the quality of life for some of Texas’ neediest citizens." - Governor Rick Perry

    Directory of Colonia Ombudsmen
    Secretary of State Directory of Colonia Ombudsmen

    Texas Water Development Board
    The Texas Water Development Board’s (TWDB) mission is To provide leadership, planning, financial assistance, information, and education for the conservation and responsible development of water for Texas. Our mission is a vital part of Texas’ overall vision and its mission and goals which relate to maintaining the viability of the state’s natural resources, health and economic development.

    TWDB Economically Distressed Areas Program

    • Provides grants, loans, or a combination grant/loan when requirements are met:
      1. for water and wastewater services;
      2. in economically distressed areas; and
      3. present facilities are inadequate to meet residents' minimal needs.
    • Includes measures to prevent future substandard development.

    Colonia Economically Distressed Areas Program (CEDAP) Fund Fact Sheet (ORCA)
    This fund provides assistance to colonia areas to connect to a water and sewer system improvement project funded by the Texas Water Development Board Economically Distressed Areas Program (TWDB EDAP) .

University Resources

County Government

Background Information

State Non-Governmental Organizations

    TACDC - The Texas Association of Community Development Corporations
    Our mission is to improve the lives of low and moderate income Texans by strengthening the capacity of community development organizations as well as generating resources and relationships that enhance and sustain the community development industry in Texas.

    Texas C-BAR: Home
    Texas C-BAR provides pro bono legal assistance and legal support for community-based nonprofits that are pursuing community development initiatives and other work to improve the quality of life in low-income and disadvantaged communities.

    Texas State Affordable Housing Corporation
    TSAHC was created to increase availability and access to safe, decent, and affordable housing for Texan homebuyers and renters. Whether you are interested in purchasing a home, or developing affordable housing for Texas communities, TSAHC invites you to explore this website for information on our programs

Service Agencies

    MET Home Page

    Motivation Education & Training, Inc. (MET) is a private nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization funded by a variety of public and private grants and contracts.

    The organization was founded for the purpose of providing academic and vocational training to migrant and seasonal farm workers, with the objective of furthering economic self-sufficiency for MET participants. While serving farm workers is still the cornerstone of the agency's mission, MET has broadened its scope to include initiatives that target low-income and disadvantaged populations throughout the agency's service area.

    ACCION Texas - Loans for small business
    Welcome to ACCION Texas. With the largest microloan portfolio in the United States, our goal is to get you on the path to business success. We provide business loans to both start-up and existing businesses in Texas. We also offer SBA 504 and home mortgage loans. Since 1994, ACCION Texas has made over 8,000 loans to aspiring business owners who were unable to obtain financing from traditional sources.

    Texas Low Income Housing Information Service
    Texas Low Income Housing Information Service (TxLIHIS) is a nonprofit 501(c) (3) corporation established in Austin in 1988 by a concerned group of community leaders, nonprofit, public and private housing providers and low- income people.

    Amigos Del Valle
    Amigos Del Valle was officially chartered on October 4, 1974.  ADV is a consortium of county and city governmental entities that was created to provide nutrition, transportation, and housing services to seniors of Cameron, Hidalgo, and Willacy Counties of South Texas to assist such population to continue to live as healthy, productive, independent, and self-sufficient lives as possible.

    Border Low-Income Housing Coalition
    The Border Low Income Housing Coalition (BLIHC) is a grassroots coalition that responds to the severely substandard conditions found in colonias along the Texas-Mexico border.

    Border Low-Income Housing Coalition - Colonias
    There are more that 1,400 colonias along the Texas-Mexico border. While each colonia is different many share the same set of challenges from a need to improve housing quality to a need for improved infrastructure.

    Habitat for Humanity
    Rio Grande Habitat for Humanity is dedicated to the ideal that people deserve a decent place to live. We are dedicated to making our family partners into responsible homeowners.

    Proyecto Azteca self-help housing program
    Proyecto Azteca is a non-profit construction self-help program. In 1991, the United Farm Workers of America, Texas Rural Legal Aid, and the Texas Low Income Housing Information Service came together and organized Proyecto Azteca to respond to the housing crisis in South Texas colonias located in Hidalgo County.

    Rio Grande Valley Empowerment Zone
    The Rio Grande Valley Empowerment Zone is a Presidential initiative designed to afford communities real opportunities for growth and revitalization.

Real Estate Resources

Homebuyer Education

Community Development Resources

    FannieMae
    Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) chartered by Congress with a mission to provide liquidity and stability to the U.S. housing and mortgage markets.

    Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks)
    FHLBanks and their members are the largest source of residential mortgage and community development credit in the United States.

    A Regional Cooperative of Twelve FHLBanks:

    There are twelve Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks), each with its own president and board of directors, located in different regions of the country, with twelve distinct sets of customers, all with differing kinds of demand for their products, services and expertise. The FHLBanks' cooperative structure is ideal for serving the System's 8,100 member lenders. Each regional FHLBank manages and is responsive to its customer relationships, while the twelve FHLBanks use their combined size and strength to obtain the necessary funding at the lowest possible cost.

    Freddie Mac's Homepage
    Freddie Mac works with mortgage lenders to help people get lower housing costs and better access to home financing. Site contains news, products, services and homeownership advice.

    Rural Local Initiatives Support Corporation - Home Page
    The Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC), a national community-building organization, provides grants, loans and equity investments to community development corporations (CDCs) for neighborhood redevelopment.  In 1995, LISC launched Rural LISC to expand its reach beyond urban areas to include rural communities.

    Habitat for Humanity Int'l
    Habitat for Humanity International is a nonprofit, ecumenical Christian housing ministry. HFHI seeks to eliminate poverty housing and homelessness from the world, and to make decent shelter a matter of conscience and action.

    Habitat invites people of all backgrounds, races and religions to build houses together in partnership with families in need.

    Partners for Rural America
    Partners for Rural America (PRA) exists to support the efforts of its member State Rural Development Councils (SRDC’s)

    The Community Resource Group - Housing - Transportation - Lending - Water and Waste Disposal
    Community Resource Group (CRG) works in rural areas to expand the opportunities for families to build assets, improve their lives, and strengthen their communities.

    National Housing Institute
    The National Housing Institute (NHI), founded in 1975, is an independent nonprofit organization dedicated to fostering decent, affordable housing and a vibrant community for everyone.

    National Low Income Housing Coalition
    The National Low Income Housing Coalition is dedicated solely to achieving socially just public policy that assures people with the lowest incomes in the United States have affordable and decent homes. 

    National Rural Housing Coalition (NRHC)
    National Rural Housing Coalition advocates to promote rural affordable housing and community development.

    NeighborWorks® America: Strengthening Communities and Transforming Lives
    NeighborWorks is a national network of more than 240 community development and affordable housing organizations. NeighborWorks America, created in 1978 by Congress as the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation, provides training, grants, and technical support to the NeighborWorks network.

    Rural Community Assistance Corporation
    RCAC is a nonprofit organization dedicated to assisting rural communities achieve their goals and visions by providing training, technical assistance and access to resources. Headquartered in West Sacramento, California, RCAC's more than 100 employees serve rural communities from 40 field locations in 13 western states, plus the Western Pacific.

    National Civic League
    The National Civic League (NCL) is America's original advocate for community democracy. It is a non-profit, non-partisan, membership organization dedicated to strengthening citizen democracy by transforming democratic institutions.

    Rural Community Assistance Partnership
    RCAP operates as a national service delivery network of six regional partners and a national office in Washington, D.C. Every year, more than 200 RCAP specialists provide technical assistance, training, and financial resources to more than 2,000 small rural communities in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

    National Community Reinvestment Coalition - Home
    The National Community Reinvestment Coalition is an association of more than 600 community-based organizations that promote access to basic banking services including credit and savings, to create and sustain affordable housing, job development and vibrant communities for America's working families.

    National Congress for Community Economic Development: What is NCCED?
    The convergence of the civil rights and community organizing movements served as the backdrop for the creation of NCCED in 1970. It was formed by fourteen CDCs funded through the federal Office of Economic Opportunity's Title VII program to be a voice for community development initiatives.

    Rural Development and Finance Corporation
    Rural Development and Finance Corporation provides capital and information resources for rural economic development.

National Utilities Resources

Water and Wastewater Resources

    Welcome to the Texas Rural Water Association!
    The Texas Rural Water Association is a statewide nonprofit educational and trade association dedicated to the improvement of water quality and supply.

    Texas Water Foundation
    The Texas Water Foundation is a non-profit organization established for the purpose of generating a heightened public awareness among all Texans regarding the vital role water plays in our daily lives.

    Texas Water Information Network
    The program provides a water resource data collection and dissemination network that is in coordination with federal, state, and local governments, institutions of higher education, and other interested parties. The network is required to support assessment of ambient water conditions in Texas. This includes drought-monitoring data used for statewide drought planning. The program is to make recommendations for optimizing the efficiency and effectiveness of water- resource data collection and dissemination as necessary to ensure that basic water resource data are maintained and available for all Texans.

    American Water Works Association

    Safe Drinking WaterSafe Drinking WaterFounded in 1881, AWWA is the authoritative resource on safe water, with more than 60,000 members worldwide sharing knowledge on water resource development, water and wastewater treatment technology, water storage and distribution, and utility management and operations.

    Texas AWWA
    Texas Section: American Water Works Association

    The Groundwater Foundation
    The Groundwater Foundation is a nonprofit organization dedicated to educating and motivating people to care for and about groundwater.

    National Drinking Water Clearinghouse (NDWC)
    The National Drinking Water Clearinghouse (NDWC) is a public service organization dedicated to helping small communities by collecting, developing, and providing timely information relevant to drinking water issues. We provide free and low-cost publications, products, databases, referrals, and more.

    National Small Flows Clearinghouse (NSFC)
    The National Small Flows Clearinghouse (NSFC) was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to help America's small communities and individuals solve their wastewater problems through objective information about onsite wastewater collection and treatment systems.

Blogs & Publications

Other Helpful Sites

The Economic and Social Justice: Colonias & Real Estate Law Team

Our Objectives

  • Strengthen colonias communities’ voices to help increase access to state services and utilities
  • Improve TRLA’s ability to respond to colonias residents’ needs by partnering with community groups, agencies and neighborhood associations
  • Increase colonias residents’ awareness and knowledge of relevant financial and consumer issues

Our Activities:

  • Provide legal services such as advice, counsel, negotiations or litigation to colonias residents. Some of the areas of litigation include: foreclosures, property tax claims, platting issues, real estate conveyances, title issues and substandard housing cases.
  • Support non-profit self-help housing groups in the TRLA service area
  • Create and maintain important contacts with other direct-services agencies and community organizing groups.
  • Help groups of colonias residents create community organizations.
  • Employ full-time outreach coordinators to conduct seminars and to distribute flyers on financial literacy, consumer rights, and property ownership
  • Conduct sessions to teach the financial literacy curriculum to promotoras, who can replicate the TRLA seminars in their communities.